The Ferrari 159 S is a piece of automotive history, representing the early steps of what would become one of the world’s most iconic car manufacturers. Produced between 1947 and 1948, this rare model was an evolution of the Ferrari 125 S, with improvements in its engine and performance. Powered by a 1.9-liter V12 engine, the Ferrari 159 S was built for racing, with only two units ever produced. Given its limited production, the 159 S is a true collector’s item today, with values that reflect its rarity and significance.
However, owning a Ferrari 159 S is not for the faint-hearted. As a vehicle built in the late 1940s, the car comes with its share of mechanical challenges that any prospective buyer or collector should be aware of. In this article, we’ll take a detailed look at the common problems that arise with the Ferrari 159 S, provide guidance on what to look for when purchasing one, and discuss the costs associated with owning such a rare and historic vehicle.
Introduction: A Historic Masterpiece with Racing Pedigree
The Ferrari 159 S, like its predecessor the 125 S, was built with racing in mind. Its 1.9-liter Colombo V12 engine produced around 125 horsepower, a formidable output for its time, and was paired with a lightweight chassis for competitive performance on the track. These early Ferraris laid the foundation for the company’s future successes in motorsports, cementing Enzo Ferrari’s vision of building cars that embodied speed, beauty, and engineering excellence.
However, while the Ferrari 159 S represents the dawn of Ferrari’s journey, it was produced during an era when automotive technology was still developing. This means that, as a vintage vehicle, it requires special attention to both maintenance and restoration, with common problems arising due to age and design limitations.
Common Problems with the Ferrari 159 S (1947-1948)
1. Engine Reliability and Wear
The heart of the Ferrari 159 S is its 1.9-liter Colombo V12 engine, which, while groundbreaking in its time, is prone to several issues due to its age. Engine wear and reliability are common concerns, particularly given the V12’s complexity for a 1940s design. Key engine-related problems include:
- Overheating: The early V12 engines can suffer from cooling issues, particularly in racing conditions or warm climates. The small radiator and limited cooling technology of the era make overheating a recurring problem if not addressed.
- Oil Leaks: Given the design of gaskets and seals from the 1940s, oil leaks can be frequent, especially around the valve covers, oil pan, and front crankshaft seals. Over time, the original seals degrade and will need replacement.
- Carburetor Problems: The Ferrari 159 S featured triple Weber carburetors, which require precise tuning. These carburetors can suffer from fuel delivery issues, especially if not maintained regularly, leading to rough idling, fuel leaks, or poor engine performance.
Regular engine maintenance is essential to keep the V12 in good running condition, but given the age and complexity of the engine, finding original parts or skilled technicians familiar with vintage Ferrari engines can be a challenge.
2. Transmission and Gearbox Issues
The Ferrari 159 S came equipped with a five-speed manual gearbox, a technological marvel for the time. However, with use, especially in racing conditions, the gearbox can develop several issues, including:
- Gear Slippage: Due to wear on the gearbox’s internal components, such as the synchromesh rings, gear slippage or difficulty engaging certain gears can occur. This is particularly common in higher gears.
- Clutch Wear: The manual clutch in vintage Ferraris was not as robust as modern clutches, and frequent racing or aggressive driving can accelerate wear. Signs of clutch problems include slipping, difficulty shifting, or grinding gears.
Replacing or repairing the gearbox can be costly, as sourcing period-correct parts or rebuilding components to original specifications requires specialized knowledge.
3. Electrical System Failures
The electrical system of the Ferrari 159 S, like most cars from the 1940s, was fairly basic but prone to issues over time. Some of the most common electrical problems include:
- Faulty Wiring: The original wiring in the 159 S can degrade over the decades, leading to short circuits, poor grounding, or intermittent electrical failures. The insulation on old wiring becomes brittle and can crack, causing reliability issues.
- Dynamo (Generator) Problems: Instead of modern alternators, early Ferraris used dynamos to charge the battery. These dynamos can fail over time, leading to charging problems and eventual battery drain.
- Ignition Issues: Early ignition systems, including distributor caps and coils, can suffer from wear, leading to misfiring, poor engine performance, or difficulty starting.
Restoring the electrical system often involves replacing worn components with modern equivalents that maintain the car’s period-correct appearance while improving reliability.
4. Chassis and Suspension Wear
The Ferrari 159 S was built on a lightweight steel chassis, with a wishbone suspension at the front and live axle at the rear. While this setup provided excellent performance for its time, the suspension components are prone to wear and fatigue over the decades. Common issues include:
- Worn Bushings and Bearings: The rubber bushings in the suspension degrade over time, leading to increased play, poor handling, and noisy operation. Bearings in the suspension and wheel hubs also wear down, leading to rough or uneven driving.
- Corrosion: Chassis corrosion is a concern, especially if the car has been stored in damp or humid conditions. Rust can affect both the frame and suspension components, compromising the car’s structural integrity.
Restoring the suspension to its original condition may require replacing parts that are no longer in production, making the process expensive and time-consuming.
5. Braking System Problems
The Ferrari 159 S used drum brakes, which, while typical for the era, are far less effective than modern braking systems. Over time, common problems with the braking system include:
- Brake Fade: Under heavy use, such as racing, the drum brakes are prone to fade, where the stopping power diminishes due to heat buildup.
- Brake Fluid Leaks: Given the age of the hydraulic system, leaks from the master cylinder, wheel cylinders, or brake lines are common.
- Worn Brake Shoes: The brake shoes wear down over time, requiring regular inspection and replacement to maintain adequate stopping power.
Modern restorations may involve upgrading the braking system for improved safety, but collectors often prefer to maintain the original drum brakes for authenticity.
What to Look for When Buying a Ferrari 159 S (1947-1948)
Purchasing a Ferrari 159 S is an exercise in patience, passion, and financial commitment. Given that only two were produced, finding an available model is rare, and competition among collectors is fierce. If you’re fortunate enough to consider buying one, here’s what to look for:
- Provenance and History: Verify the car’s history, ownership records, and racing pedigree. Documentation is critical for establishing authenticity and value, particularly with such a rare model.
- Restoration Quality: Ensure any restoration work has been done to a high standard, using period-correct techniques and materials. Poor restorations can significantly reduce the car’s value and introduce reliability issues.
- Mechanical Condition: Have the engine, transmission, and suspension thoroughly inspected by a specialist familiar with vintage Ferraris. Pay close attention to signs of wear or deterioration in critical components.
- Rust and Corrosion: Check for signs of rust or previous rust repairs on the chassis and bodywork. Rust can compromise the structural integrity and value of the car.
How Expensive is It to Own a Ferrari 159 S?
Owning a Ferrari 159 S is not just an emotional or historical investment but a financial one as well. The costs associated with owning and maintaining such a rare and significant car are substantial:
- Acquisition Cost: Given the rarity of the 159 S, prices are astronomical, with auction values reaching into the millions of dollars. The car’s value is driven by its historical significance, rarity, and condition.
- Maintenance: Maintaining a Ferrari 159 S is a highly specialized process, with few mechanics possessing the expertise to work on such an old and complex vehicle. Finding replacement parts, especially for the engine, transmission, and suspension, can be incredibly expensive.
- Storage and Insurance: A car of this value requires proper climate-controlled storage to prevent deterioration. Insurance costs are also substantial, as collectors must protect their investment against damage or theft.
Conclusion
The Ferrari 159 S (1947-1948) is a true icon of automotive history, representing the earliest days of Ferrari’s racing legacy. However, owning one comes with significant challenges, particularly in maintaining and restoring such a rare and aged vehicle. From engine and transmission issues to electrical and suspension wear, the common problems of the Ferrari 159 S are a testament to its vintage design and the demands of keeping a 1940s race car on the road.
For collectors and enthusiasts, the rewards of owning a Ferrari 159 S far outweigh the challenges, but it’s crucial to be aware of the potential pitfalls and costs involved in maintaining this automotive legend. If you’re fortunate enough to acquire one, meticulous care and attention to detail are essential to preserving its legacy for future generations.